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If we could blow up an atom to be the size of a large professional football stadium, the nucleus would be about the size of a marble. It is worth emphasizing just how small the nucleus is compared to the rest of the atom. Based on these results, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom. Rutherfords gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus. In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom. Rutherford's atomic model became known as the nuclear model. The nucleus is the tiny, dense, central core of the atom and is composed of protons and neutrons. He concluded that all of the positive charge and the majority of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in a very small space in the atom's interior, which he called the nucleus.
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The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some. In contrast, the particles that were highly deflected must have experienced a tremendously powerful force within the atom. Rutherford model, description of the structure of atoms proposed (1911) by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford. The first part of his theory states that all matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible. Dalton based his theory on the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition. Because the vast majority of the alpha particles had passed through the gold, he reasoned that most of the atom was empty space. Daltons atomic theory was the first complete attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties. Rutherford needed to come up with an entirely new model of the atom in order to explain his results. Define isotopes and give examples for several elements. Describe the three subatomic particles that compose atoms. Summarize and interpret the results of the experiments of Thomson, Millikan, and Rutherford. In a famous quote, Rutherford exclaimed that it was "as if you had fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue and it came back and hit you." By the end of this section, you will be able to: Outline milestones in the development of modern atomic theory. No prior knowledge had prepared them for this discovery. Some were even redirected back toward the source. experiments of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, who in 1909 bombarded gold atoms with massive, fast-moving alpha particles when some of these particles were deflected backward, Rutherford concluded that the atom has a massive, charged nucleus. \) (while most of the alpha particles were indeed undeflected, a very small percentage (about 1 in 8000 particles) bounced off the gold foil at very large angles. In quantum mechanics: Bohr’s theory of the atom.